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1.
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo ; 57(1): 57-61, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25651327

ABSTRACT

There are few studies on the role of innate immune response in dermatophytosis. An investigation was conducted to define the involvement of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4 in localized (LD) and disseminated (DD) dermatophytosis due to T. rubrum. Fifteen newly diagnosed patients, eight patients with LD and seven with DD, defined by involvement of at least three body segments were used in this study. Controls comprised twenty skin samples from healthy individuals undergoing plastic surgery. TLR2 and TLR4 were quantified in skin lesions by immunohistochemistry. A reduced expression of TLR4 in the lower and upper epidermis of both LD and DD patients was found compared to controls; TLR2 expression was preserved in the upper and lower epidermis of all three groups. As TLR4 signaling induces the production of inflammatory cytokines and neutrophils recruitment, its reduced expression likely contributed to the lack of resolution of the infection and the consequent chronic nature of the dermatophytosis. As TLR2 expression acts to limit the inflammatory process and preserves the epidermal structure, its preserved expression may also contribute to the persistent infection and limited inflammation that are characteristic of dermatophytic infections.


Subject(s)
Keratinocytes/metabolism , Tinea/metabolism , Toll-Like Receptor 2/metabolism , Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism , Adult , Aged , Case-Control Studies , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Male , Middle Aged , Tinea/pathology , Young Adult
2.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 57(1): 57-61, Jan-Feb/2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-736361

ABSTRACT

There are few studies on the role of innate immune response in dermatophytosis. An investigation was conducted to define the involvement of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4 in localized (LD) and disseminated (DD) dermatophytosis due to T. rubrum. Fifteen newly diagnosed patients, eight patients with LD and seven with DD, defined by involvement of at least three body segments were used in this study. Controls comprised twenty skin samples from healthy individuals undergoing plastic surgery. TLR2 and TLR4 were quantified in skin lesions by immunohistochemistry. A reduced expression of TLR4 in the lower and upper epidermis of both LD and DD patients was found compared to controls; TLR2 expression was preserved in the upper and lower epidermis of all three groups. As TLR4 signaling induces the production of inflammatory cytokines and neutrophils recruitment, its reduced expression likely contributed to the lack of resolution of the infection and the consequent chronic nature of the dermatophytosis. As TLR2 expression acts to limit the inflammatory process and preserves the epidermal structure, its preserved expression may also contribute to the persistent infection and limited inflammation that are characteristic of dermatophytic infections.


A literatura sobre o papel da resposta imune inata em dermatofitose é escassa. Este estudo se propôs a investigar a participação dos receptores do tipo Toll 2 e 4 (TLRs) 2 e 4 em pacientes com dermatofitose localizada (LD) e disseminada (DD, definida como lesões em pelo menos três segmentos corpóreos distintos), causadas por Trichophyton rubrum. Foram analisados cortes histológicos de 15 pacientes recém-diagnosticados, oito com LD e sete com DD. O grupo controle foi composto por 20 amostras de pele de indivíduos saudáveis submetidos a cirurgia plástica. TLR-2 e TLR-4 foram quantificados em lesões cutâneas por imunohistoquímica. Encontramos uma expressão reduzida de TLR-4 na epiderme superior e inferior nos dois grupos, LD e DD, quando comparados com o grupo controle; a expressão de TLR-2 foi preservada na epiderme superior e inferior de todos os três grupos. Como a sinalização por TLR-4 induz produção de citocinas inflamatórias e recrutamento de neutrófilos, a menor expressão desta molécula provavelmente contribui para a não resolução da infecção e conseqüente natureza persistente da dermatofitose. Como a sinalização via TLR-2 tem sido descrita como fator de regulação do processo inflamatório e de preservação da estrutura epidérmica, a sua expressão inalterada nas lesões dos pacientes com DD e DL pode contribuir também para a persistência da infecção e do reduzido processo inflamatório que são característicos das infecções por dermatófitos.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Keratinocytes/metabolism , Tinea/metabolism , /metabolism , /metabolism , Case-Control Studies , Immunohistochemistry , Tinea/pathology
3.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 55(1): 7-11, Jan.-Feb. 2013. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-661096

ABSTRACT

Coccidioidomycosis is an emerging fungal disease in Brazil; adequate maintenance and authentication of Coccidioides isolates are essential for research into genetic diversity of the environmental organisms, as well as for understanding the human disease. Seventeen Coccidioides isolates maintained under mineral oil since 1975 in the Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo (IMTSP) culture collection, Brazil, were evaluated with respect to their viability, morphological characteristics and genetic features in order to authenticate these fungal cultures. Only five isolates were viable after almost 30 years, showing typical morphological characteristics, and sequencing analysis using Coi-F and Coi-R primers revealed 99% identity with Coccidioides genera. These five isolates were then preserved in liquid nitrogen and sterile water, and remained viable after two years of storage under these conditions, maintaining the same features.


Coccidioidomicose é uma doença emergente no Brasil; a manutenção adequada e autenticação de isolados de Coccidioides spp são essenciais para a pesquisa em diversidade genética de micro-organismos, bem como para a compreensão da doença em humanos. Dezessete isolados de Coccidioides preservados em óleo mineral desde 1975 na coleção de culturas do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo (IMTSP) foram avaliados com relação à viabilidade, características morfológicas e genéticas, com o objetivo de autenticação das culturas fúngicas. Dos 17 isolados, apenas cinco foram viáveis após quase 30 anos mantidos em óleo mineral, apresentando características morfológicas e moleculares típicas do gênero, o sequenciamento utilizando os oligonucleotídeos Coi-F e Coi-R revelou identidade de 99% com isolados de Coccidioides. Estes cinco isolados foram preservados em nitrogênio líquido e água destilada esterilizada, e permaneceram viáveis após dois anos de armazenamento sob estas condições, mantendo as mesmas características.


Subject(s)
Humans , Coccidioides/physiology , Microbial Viability , Preservation, Biological/methods , Brazil , Coccidioides/genetics , Genotype , Mineral Oil , Phenotype , Time Factors
4.
Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo ; 55(1): 7-11, 2013.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23328719

ABSTRACT

Coccidioidomycosis is an emerging fungal disease in Brazil; adequate maintenance and authentication of Coccidioides isolates are essential for research into genetic diversity of the environmental organisms, as well as for understanding the human disease. Seventeen Coccidioides isolates maintained under mineral oil since 1975 in the Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo (IMTSP) culture collection, Brazil, were evaluated with respect to their viability, morphological characteristics and genetic features in order to authenticate these fungal cultures. Only five isolates were viable after almost 30 years, showing typical morphological characteristics, and sequencing analysis using Coi-F and Coi-R primers revealed 99% identity with Coccidioides genera. These five isolates were then preserved in liquid nitrogen and sterile water, and remained viable after two years of storage under these conditions, maintaining the same features.


Subject(s)
Coccidioides/physiology , Microbial Viability , Preservation, Biological/methods , Brazil , Coccidioides/genetics , Genotype , Humans , Mineral Oil , Phenotype , Time Factors
5.
Rev. bras. anal. clin ; 34(3): 131-135, 2002. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-346051

ABSTRACT

A citologia exfoliativa possui um importante papel na detecçäo precoce de neoplasias, tem valor único para fins de rastreamento e é um dos instrumentos mais eficientes para a detecçäo de lesöes precursoras em grandes populaçöes. Visando colaborar com a otimizaçäo da qualidade diagnóstica da citologia, observou-se o papel representado pelas etapas pré-analíticas na melhoria das fases analíticas e pós-analíticas, com o intuito de se minimizar a incidência de casos falsos-negativos. Realizou-se levantamento de 3.162 fichas de pacientes submetidas ao exame de Papanicolaou em 1998, examinadas no Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Maranhäo (LACEN-MA). Agruparam-se os dados para serem avaliados de acordo com variáveis relacionadas às informaçöes prestadas pela paciente. Os resultados permitiram detectar as falhas cometidas e a importância do aperfeiçoamento adequado dos dados clínicos. A etapa pré-analítica näo vem recebendo a atençäo necessária quando comparado com as etapas posteriores


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Epidemiology , Quality Control , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms , Vaginal Smears/methods
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